小丑的出现最早可以追溯到古埃及时期，后来在中世纪的欧洲宫廷流行，他们受雇于贵族和君主，通常穿着颜色鲜亮的服装，头戴有铃铛的帽子，身怀多种才艺：音乐、讲故事、杂技、魔术等等。

The emergence of clowns can be traced back to as early as Ancient Egypt. Later, they gained popularity in the royal courts of mediEval Europe, where they were employed by nobles and monarchs. Typically, they wore brightly colored costumes and hats adorned with bells, and possessed a diverse array of talents, including music, storytelling, acrobatics, and magic.

除了这些娱乐技能，小丑在还有一个必杀技——装疯卖傻。因为疯子和愚人犯错不会被咎责，所以小丑在宫廷中享有一项独一无二的权力——真话豁免权。这给小丑这一形象造成了最初的反差性——愚蠢但又睿智，表面的戏谑逗笑只是伪装。

Beyond these entertaining skills, clowns had one ultimate trick up their sleeves—feigning madness and folly. Since madmen and fools were not held accountable for their mistakes, clowns enjoyed a unique privilege in the court: immunity for speaking the truth. This endowed the clown archetype with its original sense of contradiction—foolish yet wise, where the superficial jesting and antics were merely a disguise.

意大利即兴喜剧（Commedia dell'arte）是发源于16世纪意大利的一种假面即兴剧。即兴剧没有剧本和台词，全靠演员自由发挥，为了让观众一眼明了角色的人物特点，演员通常有固定造型。Harlequin和Pierrot是Commedia dell'arte中的两个固定小丑角色，他们的装扮也是现代小丑的原型。

Commedia dell’arte is a form of masked improvisational theatre that originated in Italy in the 16th century. Without a fixed script or lines, the performance relied entirely on the actors’ improvisation. To enable the audience to instantly grasp each character’s traits, the performers typically adopted set personas and costumes. Harlequin and Pierrot are two iconic clown characters from Commedia dell’arte, and their distinctive looks served as the prototype for the modern-day clown.

本次工作坊将要学习的小丑表演形式，正是源自意大利即兴喜剧传统——戴面具的街头剧场艺术。我们将通过游戏、练习和即兴表演，学习戴上红鼻子进行表演的基础技巧，一起探索小丑表演的艺术！

The form of clown performance to be learned in this workshop is derived precisely from the tradition of Commedia dell’arte—the Italian art of street theatre with masks. Through games, exercises and improvisations, we will discover the basics of performing with a red nose, and explore the art of clowning!

本次工作坊将学习少年版的“小丑哲学”，例如接纳我们的犯错、真诚投入表演以及卸下社交伪装。我们会学习基础的小丑表演（理念小丑的核心理念—无对错之分、悦纳自己的错误）、即兴表演技巧和小丑表演技巧。所有的学习都是以游戏的形式进行。所以，超级有趣！

During this workshop we learn basic clown philosophy, such as celebrating our mistakes, play for real and taking of the social mask. Here, we can also learn stage presence, audience interaction, improvisation, and clear expression. Best of all, it’s incredibly fun!

工作坊导师 / Facilitator

大熊，演员、戏剧导演和小丑表演艺术家斯德哥尔摩戏剧艺术学院表演艺术硕士研习小丑艺术15年在中国、美国、尼日利亚、尼泊尔及欧洲各国举办过数百场工作坊，演出上千场小丑剧目。

Björn Dahlman, an actor, theatre director and clown. He holds an MFA in acting from Stockholm academy of dramatic arts and has studied clowning for 15 years, and performed thousand of clown shows and given hundreds of workshops in eg China, USA, India, Nigeria, Nepal and around Europe. He has been teaching clown in China since 2015 and so far reached out to hundreds of students.

工作坊内容 / Contents

• 专注力与放松游戏

帮助学员提升专注力、学会放松

齐普口令游戏

幽灵游戏

僵尸追逃游戏

• 基础小丑表演游戏

理解小丑表演的核心理念

勇者挑战游戏

姓名互换游戏

• Basic clown games:

To learn the basic clown attitude

Warrior-games

Switching names

• 活力唤醒游戏

快速调动身体活力，保持课堂专注

身体部位抖动操

巴拉巴拉活力操

• 基础即兴表演游戏

搭建即兴场景创作的核心基础

肯定回应

接话共创

礼物传递

• Basic improve games:

Builds foundation to create scenes

Yes

Yes and

Giving gifts

• 小丑表演技巧

学习实用小丑表演技法

夸张回头反应

慢节奏情绪酝酿

注意力转移引导

踉跄步态表演

• Clown performance tricks:

Some actual techniques

Double take

Slow Burns

Misdirections

Stumbling

此外，小丑历史、世界不同文化中的小丑形式等内容，将作为课程中反馈的一部分贯穿始终。课程期间会根据需要，穿插简短的充能游戏。

In addition, topics such as the history of clowning and clown archetypes across global cultures will be integrated throughout the course as part of ongoing feedback and discussion. Brief energizer games will also be interspersed as needed during the program.